1️⃣ Baseline "Check‑list" Before the First Injection
Parameter What to Do Why It Matters
Full medical history (including prior cancers, surgeries, medications) Ask about all health issues and current drugs. Identifies contraindications (e.g., uncontrolled bleeding disorders).
Physical exam – focus on the injection site, overall skin integrity, and any local inflammation Look for rashes, ulcerations, or swelling in the upper arm where you’ll inject. Avoids injecting into compromised tissue that could lead to infection or poor absorption.
Skin inspection at the chosen arm (especially if previous injections were made there) Check for bruises, scars, infections, or lesions. Ensures a clean, healthy site for injection.
Check for signs of systemic infection – fever, chills, malaise Ask about recent illnesses or fevers. Delays treatment until the body can handle a new drug load safely.
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3️⃣ How to Perform the Injection (Step‑by‑Step)
Below is a standardised protocol that you can follow each time. Keep it short: you’ll only need a few minutes of your time.
3.1 Preparation
Step What to Do Why It Matters
A Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 s, then dry them. Reduces bacterial contamination.
B Put on a fresh pair of disposable gloves. Provides barrier protection against bloodborne pathogens.
C Check the vial: ensure it’s not expired and that the liquid looks clear (no cloudiness or particles). Prevents administering damaged medication.
D Inspect your injection site (usually the back of the upper arm) for any signs of irritation, redness, or bruising. Avoids injecting into compromised tissue.
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3. Preparing the Injection
Clean the Vial Top
- Use an alcohol swab to wipe the rubber stopper with a new swipe each time.
Withdraw the Medication
- Insert a sterile needle (or use a pre‑filled syringe if available) and draw up exactly 0.5 mL of medication.
- Expel any air bubbles by gently tapping the vial and pushing the plunger slightly to expel them.
Check the Dose
- Verify that you have drawn the correct volume (0.5 mL).
- If using a syringe, ensure the measurement lines are clear.
Prepare for Injection
- Clean the injection site with an alcohol wipe and let it dry.
- Insert the needle at a 90° angle to the skin; inject slowly over 10–15 seconds.
- Withdraw the needle smoothly.
Dispose of Materials Safely
- Place used needles in a puncture‑proof sharps container immediately after use.
- Dispose of syringes, vials, and other waste according to local hazardous waste guidelines.
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Key Points for Safe Practice
Step What to Watch For
Pre‑Injection Verify label, expiration date, and integrity of vial.
Needle Handling Do not touch the needle tip; never reuse needles.
Inoculation Technique Avoid touching contaminated surfaces; use aseptic technique.
Post‑Injection Securely store sharps; monitor for accidental punctures or spills.
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Quick Reference: Sharps Disposal
Used Needles & Lancets: Place in a puncture‑proof, leak‑proof container with a secure lid.
Sharp Instruments (scalpels, scissors): Same container as above.
Non-sharp but hazardous waste: Separate into non-hazardous and hazardous containers; label clearly.
Final Note
Adhering to these guidelines protects you, your colleagues, and the environment. Regular training refreshers and adherence to local regulations are essential for maintaining a safe clinical practice.
